JLPT Level 4 無い ない adj-i, aux-adj (1) nonexistent (2) not being (there) (3) unpossessed (4) unowned (5) not had (6) unique (7) indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility (8) (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ... (9) (after the -te form of a verb) to not be... (10) to have not ... 嗚呼<於乎<於戯<嗟乎<嗟夫<吁<嗟<噫<鳴呼 ああ int (1) Ah! (2) Oh! (3) Alas! (4) Yes (5) Indeed (6) That is correct (7) Hey! (8) Yo! (9) Uh huh (10) Yeah yeah (11) Right (12) Gotcha 会う<逢う<遭う<遇う あう v5u, vi (1) to meet (2) to encounter (3) to have an accident (4) to have a bad experience 青い<蒼い<碧い あおい adj-i (1) blue (2) green (3) pale (4) unripe (5) inexperienced 赤い<紅い<朱い<緋い<丹い<赭い あかい adj-i (1) red (2) Red (i.e. communist) 明るい<明い あかるい adj-i (1) bright (2) colourful (3) cheerful (4) familiar (with) (5) knowledgeable (about) 秋 あき n-t (1) autumn (2) fall 開く ひらく v5k, vt, v5k, vi (1) to open (e.g. a bank-account, festival, etc.) (2) to spread out (3) to open up (flower bud, umbrella, etc.) (4) to widen (gap, distance, width) 開ける ひらける v1, vi (1) to become opened up (2) to improve (3) to get better (4) to develop (5) to progress (6) to become civilized (civilised) (7) to be up-to-date (8) to be enlightened (9) to be sensible 上げる<挙げる<揚げる あげる v1, vt, v1, vi, v1, vi, vt, aux-v, aux-v, aux-v (1) to raise (2) to elevate (3) to do up (one's hair) (4) to fly (a kite, etc.) (5) to launch (fireworks, etc.) (6) to surface (a submarine, etc.) (7) to land (a boat) (8) to deep-fry (9) to show someone (into a room) (10) (uk) to summon (for geishas, etc.) (11) to send someone (away) (12) to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll) (13) to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) (14) to make (a loud sound) (15) to raise (one's voice) (16) to earn (something desirable) (17) to praise (18) to give (an example, etc.) (19) to cite (20) to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.) (21) to arrest (22) to nominate (23) to give (24) to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.) (25) to bear (a child) (26) to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding) (27) (of the tide) to come in (28) to vomit (29) (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else) (30) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to complete (31) used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility 朝 あさ<あした<ちょう n-adv, n-t morning 朝ご飯<朝御飯 あさごはん n breakfast 明後日 あさって<みょうごにち n-adv, n-t day after tomorrow 足 ソク<あし, た.りる, た.る, た.す, あ, あす, おす, たらし S7 leg, foot, be sufficient, counter for pairs of footwear 朝 あさ<あした<ちょう n-adv, n-t morning 彼処<彼所 あそこ<あすこ<かしこ<あしこ<あこ n, n (1) there (2) over there (3) that place (4) yonder (5) genitals 遊ぶ あそぶ v5b, vi (1) to play (2) to make a visit (esp. for pleasure) (3) to be idle (4) to do nothing 暖かい<温かい<暖い あたたかい<あったかい adj-i (1) warm (2) mild (3) genial 頭 とう ctr counter for large animals (e.g. head of cattle) 新しい あたらしい adj-i new 彼方 あちら<あっち<あち n (1) that way (2) over there (3) yonder (4) that one (5) that (6) that person (7) foreign country (esp. a Western nation) 暑い あつい adj-i (1) hot (weather, etc.) (2) warm 熱い あつい adj-i hot (thing) 厚い<篤い あつい adj-i (1) cordial (2) kind (3) warm(hearted) (4) serious (5) faithful (6) thick (7) deep (8) heavy (9) serious (of an illness) (10) abundant (11) brazen (12) shameless 後 あと n, adj-no, n-adv (1) behind (2) rear (3) after (4) later (5) after one's death (6) remainder (7) the rest (8) descendant (9) successor (10) heir (11) past/previous (12) more (i.e. five more minutes) 貴方<貴女<貴男 あなた n (1) you (referring to someone of equal or lower status) (2) dear (what a wife calls a husband) 兄 あに n older brother 姉 し suf honorific suffix used after the name of a woman of equal or higher status 彼の あの<かの adj-pn that (over there) 彼の あの<かの adj-pn that (over there) アパート n (1) apartment building (2) apartment block (3) apartment house (4) apartment 浴びる あびる v1, vt (1) to bathe (2) to bask in the sun (3) to shower 危ない あぶない adj-i, int (1) dangerous (2) risky (3) hazardous (4) perilous (5) precarious (6) in danger (7) in jeopardy (8) critical (9) grave (10) at risk (11) uncertain (12) unreliable (13) insecure (14) unsteady (15) doubtful (16) close (i.e. a close call) (17) narrow (18) look out! (19) watch out! 甘い あまい exp, adj-i (1) sweet (2) delicious (3) fragrant (smelling) (4) sweet (music) (5) lightly salted (6) naive (7) overly optimistic (8) soft on (9) generous (10) indulgent (11) easy-going (12) half-hearted (13) not finished properly (14) tempting (e.g. words) (15) promising 余り あまり<あんまり adj-na, adv, n, n-suf, adv, n-suf (1) remainder (2) rest (3) balance (4) remains (5) scraps (6) residue (7) remnant (8) not very (with negative sentence) (9) not much (10) surplus (11) excess (12) fullness (13) too much (14) overjoyed (15) overwhelmed (16) more than (17) over 雨 あめ n rain 洗う あらう v5u, vt (1) to wash (2) to investigate 在る<有る ある v5r-i, vi (1) to be (usu. of inanimate objects) (2) to exist (3) to live (4) to have (5) to be located (6) to be equipped with (7) to happen (8) to come about 歩く あるく v5k, vi to walk 荒れ あれ n (1) stormy weather (2) tempest (3) chaps (of skin) 良い<善い<好い<佳い<吉い よい<いい adj-i (1) good (2) excellent (3) fine (4) nice (5) pleasant (6) agreeable (7) sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer) (8) ready (9) prepared (10) profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.) (11) beneficial (12) OK 宵 よい n-adv, n-t (1) evening (2) early night hours 否 いいえ<いいや<いえ<いな<いや int (1) no (2) nay (3) well 言う<云う<謂う いう<ゆう v5u (1) to say (2) to call (i.e. to give a name) 家 いえ n (1) house (2) residence (3) dwelling (4) family (5) household (6) lineage (7) family name 行く いく<ゆく v5k-s, vi, aux-v (1) to go (2) to proceed (3) to take place (4) to continue 行く いく<ゆく v5k-s, vi, aux-v (1) to go (2) to proceed (3) to take place (4) to continue 幾つ いくつ adv (1) how many? (2) how old? 幾ら いくら adv, n (1) how much? (2) how many? 池 いけ n pond 医者 いしゃ n (1) (medical) doctor (2) physician 椅子<倚子 いす n (1) chair (2) post (3) office (4) position 忙しい いそがしい<せわしい adj-i (1) busy (2) hectic (3) occupied (4) engaged 痛い<甚い いたい adj-i, adj-i, suf (1) painful (2) sore (3) exceeding 一 いち<ひと num, pref, suf (1) one (2) best in (3) the most (...) in (where an adjective follows) 一日<１日 いちにち<いちじつ<ひとひ<ひとえ n (1) first day of the month (2) one day 一番 いちばん n-adv (1) best (2) first (3) number one (4) game (5) round (6) bout (7) fall (8) event (in a meet) 何時 いつ n-adv (1) when (2) how soon 五日<５日 いつか n (1) the fifth day of the month (2) five days 一緒 いっしょ adv, n (1) together (2) meeting (3) company 五つ<５つ いつつ n five 何時も いつも adv, n (1) always (2) usually (3) every time (4) never (with neg. verb) 今 いま n-adv, n (1) now (2) the present time (3) just now (4) soon (5) immediately (6) (one) more 意味 いみ n, vs (1) meaning (2) significance 妹 いもうと n younger sister 嫌 ケン, ゲン<きら.う, きら.い, いや S13 dislike, detest, hate 入口<入り口 いりぐち<いりくち<はいりぐち<はいりくち n (1) entrance (2) entry (3) gate (4) approach (5) mouth 居る いる v1, vi, v1, aux-v (1) to be (of animate objects) (2) to exist (3) to stay (4) (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing) 要る いる v5r, vi to need 入れる<容れる<函れる いれる v1, vt (1) to put in (2) to let in (3) to take in (4) to bring in (5) to insert (6) to set (a jewel, etc.) (7) to admit (8) to accept (9) to employ (10) to hire (11) to accept (12) to comply (13) to grant (14) to adopt (a policy, etc.) (15) to take (advice, etc.) (16) to listen to (17) to pay attention to (18) to include (19) to pay (one's rent, etc.) (20) to cast (a vote) (21) to make (tea, coffee, etc.) (22) to turn on (a switch, etc.) (23) to send (a fax) (24) to call 色 いろ n, adj-f (1) colour (2) color (3) sensuality (4) lust (5) various 色々<色色 いろいろ n, adj-na, adj-no, adv, adv-to (1) various (2) various colors (colours) 上 うえ n, adj-no, n-adv, n-suf, n-suf (1) above (2) up (3) over (4) top (5) summit (6) surface (7) on (8) before (9) previous (10) superiority (11) one's superior (i.e. one's elder) (12) on top of that (13) besides (14) what's more (15) upon (further inspection, etc.) (16) based on (and occurring after) (17) matters concerning... (18) as concerns ... (19) since (i.e. "for that reason") (20) suffix indicating higher social standing (21) place of one's superior (i.e. the throne) (22) emperor (23) sovereign (24) shogun (25) daimyo (26) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman) 後 あと n, adj-no, n-adv (1) behind (2) rear (3) after (4) later (5) after one's death (6) remainder (7) the rest (8) descendant (9) successor (10) heir (11) past/previous (12) more (i.e. five more minutes) 薄い うすい adj-i (1) thin (2) pale (3) light (4) watery (5) dilute (6) sparse (7) weak (taste, etc.) (8) slim (probability, etc.) (9) small 歌 カ<うた, うた.う S14 song, sing 歌う<唄う<謡う<詠う うたう v5u, vt (1) to sing (2) to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.) 内<中 うち n, adj-no (1) inside (2) within (3) while (4) among (5) amongst (6) between (7) we (referring to one's in-group, i.e. company, etc.) (8) my spouse (9) imperial palace grounds (10) emperor (11) I (primarily used by women and children) (12) me 生まれる<産まれる<生れる<産れる うまれる v1, vi to be born 海 うみ<み<わた<わだ n (1) sea (2) beach 売る うる v5r, vt to sell 上着<上衣<表着 うわぎ<じょうい n (1) coat (2) tunic (3) jacket (4) outer garment 絵 カイ, エ S12 picture, drawing, painting, sketch 映画 えいが n (1) movie (2) film 映画館 えいがかん n (1) movie theatre (theater) (2) cinema 英語 えいご n English (language) ええ int, adj-f (1) yes (2) that is correct (3) right (4) um (5) errr (6) huh? (7) grrr (8) gah (9) Must I? (10) good 駅 えき n station エレベーター<エレベータ n (1) elevator (2) lift 鉛筆 えんぴつ n pencil 美味しい おいしい adj-i (1) delicious (2) tasty 大きい おおきい adj-i (1) big (2) large (3) great 大勢 おおぜい<たいぜい n, adj-no (1) many (2) crowd (3) great number of people お母さん<御母さん おかあさん n mother お菓子<御菓子 おかし n (1) confections (2) sweets (3) candy お金<御金 おかね n money 起きる おきる v1, vi (1) to get up (2) to rise (3) to wake up (4) to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents) (5) to happen (6) to take place 置く おく v5k (1) to put (2) to place (3) to leave (behind) (4) to do something in advance (usu. following te-form verb) 奥さん おくさん n (1) wife (2) your wife (3) his wife (4) married lady (5) madam お酒<御酒 おさけ n (1) alcohol (2) sake お皿 おさら n (1) plate (2) dish 伯父 おじ<はくふ n uncle (older than one's parent) 叔父 おじ<しゅくふ n uncle (younger than one's parent) お祖父さん<御祖父さん<お爺さん<御爺さん おじいさん n (1) grandfather (2) male senior-citizen 教える<訓える おしえる v1, vt (1) to teach (2) to inform (3) to instruct 押す<圧す<捺す おす v5s, vt (1) to push (2) to press (3) to apply pressure from above (4) to press down (5) to stamp (i.e. a passport) (6) to apply a seal 遅い<鈍い<晩い おそい adj-i (1) slow (2) late (e.g. "late at night") (3) too late (4) dull (5) stupid お茶<御茶 おちゃ n (1) tea (usu. green) (2) tea break (at work) (3) tea ceremony お手洗い<御手洗い おてあらい n (1) toilet (2) restroom (3) lavatory (4) bathroom お父さん<御父さん おとうさん n father 弟 おとうと<おと<おとと<てい n (1) younger brother (2) pupil (3) apprentice 男 おとこ n man 男の子<男のコ<男の児 おとこのこ<おとこのコ n (1) boy (2) male child (3) baby boy 一昨日 いっさくじつ<おとつい<おととい n-adv, n-t day before yesterday 一昨年 いっさくねん<おととし n-adv, n-t year before last 大人 おとな<だいにん n adult お腹<御腹<お中<御中 おなか n stomach 同じ おなじ<おんなじ adj-f, n, adv (1) same (2) identical (3) equal (4) uniform (5) equivalent (6) similar (7) common (origin) (8) changeless (9) alike (10) (usu. part of a 'nara' conditional) anyway (11) anyhow (12) in either case お兄さん<御兄さん おにいさん n (1) older brother (2) elder brother (3) (vocative) young man (4) buddy (5) fella (6) laddie お姉さん<御姉さん おねえさん n (1) elder sister (2) (vocative) young lady (3) miss (referring to a waitress, etc.) (4) ma'am (used by geisha to refer to their superiors) 伯母 おば<はくぼ n aunt (older than one's parent) 叔母 おば<しゅくぼ n aunt (younger than one's parent) お祖母さん<お婆さん<御祖母さん<御婆さん おばあさん n (1) grandmother (2) female senior-citizen お弁当 おべんとう n bento (Japanese box lunch) 覚える<憶える おぼえる v1, vt (1) to remember (2) to recollect (3) to memorize (4) to memorise (5) to feel 重い おもい adj-i (1) heavy (2) massive (3) serious (4) important (5) severe (6) oppressed 面白い おもしろい adj-i (1) interesting (2) amusing 泳ぐ<游ぐ およぐ v5g, vi to swim 降りる<下りる おりる v1, vi (1) to descend (e.g. a mountain) (2) to go down (3) to come down (4) to alight (e.g. from bus) (5) to get off (6) to disembark (7) to dismount (8) to step down (9) to retire (10) to give up (11) to quit (12) to be granted (13) to be issued (14) to be given (15) to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.) (16) to be passed (from the body; i.e. of a roundworm) 終わる<終る<畢る<竟る おわる v5r, vi (1) to finish (2) to end (3) to close 音楽 おんがく n (1) music (2) musical movement 女 おんな n woman 女の子<女のコ<女の児 おんなのこ<おんなのコ n girl 外国 がいこく n foreign country 外国人 がいこくじん n foreigner 会社 かいしゃ n (1) company (2) corporation 階段 かいだん n (1) stairs (2) stairway (3) staircase 買い物<買物 かいもの n (1) shopping (2) purchased goods 買う かう v5u, vt (1) to buy (2) to value (3) to have a high opinion (4) to stir (5) to provoke 返す<反す かえす v5s, vt, suf, v5s (1) to return (something) (2) to restore (3) to put back (4) to turn over (5) to turn upside down (6) to overturn (7) to pay back (8) to retaliate (9) to reciprocate (10) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to repeat ... (11) to do ... back 帰る<還る<歸る かえる v5r, vi (1) to return (2) to come home (3) to go home (4) to go back (5) (of a guest, customer, etc.) to leave (6) (of a baseball player rounding the bases) to get home 顔 かお n face (person) 架かる かかる v5r, vi (1) to span (2) to bridge (3) to cross (4) to straddle 鍵<鑰 かぎ n (1) key (2) lock 書く かく v5k, vt to write 学生 がくせい n student (esp. a university student) 掛ける<懸ける かける v1, vt, aux-v, v1, aux-v (1) to hang (e.g. picture) (2) to hoist (e.g. sail) (3) to raise (e.g. flag) (4) to sit (5) to be partway (verb) (6) to begin (but not complete) (7) to take (time, money) (8) to expend (money, time, etc.) (9) to make (a call) (10) to multiply (11) to secure (e.g. lock) (12) to put on (glasses, etc.) (13) to cover (14) to burden someone (15) to apply (insurance) (16) to turn on (an engine, etc.) (17) to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.) (18) to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on (19) to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.) (20) to bind (21) to pour (or sprinkle, spray, etc.) onto (22) to argue (in court) (23) to deliberate (in a meeting) (24) to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.) (25) to increase further (26) to catch (in a trap, etc.) (27) to set atop (28) to erect (a makeshift building) (29) to hold (a play, festival, etc.) (30) (after -masu stem of verb) indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone) 掛ける<懸ける かける v1, vt, aux-v, v1, aux-v (1) to hang (e.g. picture) (2) to hoist (e.g. sail) (3) to raise (e.g. flag) (4) to sit (5) to be partway (verb) (6) to begin (but not complete) (7) to take (time, money) (8) to expend (money, time, etc.) (9) to make (a call) (10) to multiply (11) to secure (e.g. lock) (12) to put on (glasses, etc.) (13) to cover (14) to burden someone (15) to apply (insurance) (16) to turn on (an engine, etc.) (17) to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.) (18) to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on (19) to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.) (20) to bind (21) to pour (or sprinkle, spray, etc.) onto (22) to argue (in court) (23) to deliberate (in a meeting) (24) to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.) (25) to increase further (26) to catch (in a trap, etc.) (27) to set atop (28) to erect (a makeshift building) (29) to hold (a play, festival, etc.) (30) (after -masu stem of verb) indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone) 傘 かさ n (1) umbrella (2) parasol 貸す<藉す かす v5s, vt (1) to lend (2) to loan (3) to rent out (4) to hire out 風 かぜ n (1) wind (2) breeze 家族 かぞく n (1) family (2) members of a family 過多 かた adj-na, n (1) excess (2) superabundance 片仮名 かたかな n (1) katakana (2) one of the Japanese syllabaries 学校 がっこう n school 角 かく n, n-suf (1) angle (2) square (or cube) (3) bishop (shogi) (4) third degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) (5) Chinese "horn" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) (6) jiao (monetary unit of China; one-tenth of a yuan) 家内 かない<やうち n (1) (my) wife (2) inside the home (3) one's family 下番 かばん n, vs going off duty 花瓶 かびん<はながめ n (flower) vase 被る<冠る かぶる<かむる v5r, vt (1) to wear (on head, usu. one's own) (2) to put on (over head, usu. one's own) (3) to pour or dash water, dust, etc. (on oneself) (4) to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.) (5) to overlap 紙 かみ n paper カメラ n camera 火曜日 かようび n-adv, n-t Tuesday 辛い つらい adj-i (1) painful (2) bitter (3) heart-breaking 体 たい n, n-suf, ctr (1) body (2) physique (3) posture (4) shape (5) form (6) style (7) substance (8) identity (9) reality (10) field (11) counter for humanoid forms (e.g. dolls, statues, corpses, etc.) 借りる かりる v1, vt (1) to borrow (2) to have a loan (3) to rent (4) to hire 軽い かるい<かろい adj-i (1) light (i.e. not heavy) (2) feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily) (3) light (i.e. of foot) (4) nimble (5) agile (6) non-serious (7) minor (8) unimportant (9) trivial (10) slight (11) small (12) gentle (13) soft (14) easy (15) simple (16) indiscriminate カレンダー<カレンダ n (1) calendar (2) calender (machine for flattening things) 川 セン<かわ, か, こ, さわ, さんぼんがわ S3 stream, river, river or 3-stroke river radical (no. 47) 河 カ<かわ, かっ, こ, こう S8 river 可愛い かわいい<かわゆい adj-i (1) cute (2) adorable (3) charming (4) lovely (5) pretty (6) dear (7) precious (8) darling (9) pet (10) cute little (11) tiny 漢字 かんじ n (1) Chinese characters (2) kanji 木 もく n (1) Thursday (2) wood (first of the five elements) 黄色い きいろい adj-i yellow 消える きえる v1, vi (1) to go out (2) to vanish (3) to disappear 聞く<聴く<訊く きく v5k, vt (1) to hear (2) to listen (e.g. to music) (3) to ask (4) to enquire 北 きた n north ギター n guitar 汚い<穢い きたない adj-i (1) dirty (2) unclean (3) filthy 喫茶店 きっさてん n (1) coffee lounge (2) coffee shop (3) (rather formal) cafe 切手 きって n (1) stamp (postage) (2) merchandise certificate 切符 きっぷ n ticket 昨日 きのう<さくじつ n-adv, n-t yesterday 九 きゅう<く<ここの<この<ここ num nine 牛肉 ぎゅうにく n beef 今日 きょう<こんにち<こんち<こんじつ n-t (1) today (2) this day 教室 きょうしつ n classroom 兄弟 きょうだい<けいてい n (1) siblings (2) brothers and sisters 去年 きょねん<こぞ n-adv, n-t last year 嫌い きらい adj-na, n, suf (1) dislike (2) hate (3) suspicion (4) tendency (5) smack (of) 切る きる suf, v5r, vt, suf (1) to cut (usu. to cut through) (2) to sever (connections, ties) (3) to turn off (i.e. the light) (4) to terminate (i.e. a conversation) (5) to hang up (the phone) (6) to disconnect (7) to punch (a ticket) (8) to tear off (a stub) (9) to open (something sealed) (10) to start (11) to set (a limit) (12) to reduce (13) to decrease (14) to discount (15) to shake off (water, etc.) (16) to let drip-dry (or drain) (17) to cross (18) to do (something noticeable) (19) to turn (a vehicle) (20) to cut (the ball) (21) to shuffle (cards) (22) to trump (23) (in Go) to isolate (an opponent's stone) (24) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to finish (25) to complete 着る<著る きる v1 (1) to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down) (2) to put on (3) to bear (guilt, etc.) 奇麗<綺麗 きれい adj-na (1) pretty (2) lovely (3) beautiful (4) fair (5) clean (6) clear (7) pure (8) tidy (9) neat (10) completely (11) entirely キロ n, pref (1) kilo- (2) kilogram (3) kilogramme (4) kilometre (5) kilometer (6) 10^3 キロ n, pref (1) kilo- (2) kilogram (3) kilogramme (4) kilometre (5) kilometer (6) 10^3 銀行 ぎんこう n bank 金曜日 きんようび n-adv, n-t Friday 工 コウ, ク, グ<もく, たくみ S3 craft, construction, katakana e radical (no. 48) 薬 くすり n (1) medicine (2) pharmaceuticals (3) (legal) drugs (4) efficacious chemical (i.e. gunpowder, pesticide, etc.) (5) (pottery) glaze (6) small bribe 下さい ください exp (1) please give me (2) (after te-form of a verb or a noun prefixed with o- or go-) please do for me 果物 くだもの<かぶつ n fruit 口 くち n, suf, ctr (1) mouth (2) opening (3) hole (4) gap (5) orifice (6) mouth (of a bottle) (7) spout (8) nozzle (9) mouthpiece (10) gate (11) door (12) entrance (13) exit (14) speaking (15) speech (16) talk (i.e. gossip) (17) taste (18) palate (19) mouth (to feed) (20) opening (i.e. vacancy) (21) available position (22) invitation (23) summons (24) kind (25) sort (26) type (27) opening (i.e. beginning) (28) counter for mouthfuls, shares (of money), and swords 靴 カ<くつ S13 shoes 靴下<沓下 くつした n (1) socks (2) sock (3) stockings (4) stocking 国 コク<くに, くな, こ S8 country 曇る くもる v5r, vi (1) to become cloudy (2) to become dim 暗い<昏い<冥い<闇い くらい adj-i (1) dark (2) gloomy (3) dark (in colour) (4) dull (5) depressed (6) dispirited (7) sorrowful (8) bitter (as in a dark past) (9) unclear (10) unfamiliar (11) unknown クラス n class 瓦 グラム n (1) gram (2) gramme 来る くる vk, vi, aux-v, vk, vi (1) to come (spatially or temporally) (2) to approach (3) to arrive (4) to come back (5) to do ... and come back (6) to come to be (7) to become (8) to get (9) to grow (10) to continue (11) to come from (12) to be caused by (13) to derive from (14) to come to (i.e. "when it comes to spinach ...") 車 くるま n (1) car (2) automobile (3) vehicle (4) wheel 黒い くろい adj-i (1) black (2) dark (3) illicit (4) wicked (5) underground 今朝 けさ<こんちょう n-t this morning 消す けす v5s, vt (1) to erase (2) to delete (3) to cross out (4) to turn off power (5) to extinguish (6) to put out (7) to bump off 結構 けっこう adj-na, n-adv, n, adj-na, adj-na, adv, n (1) splendid (2) nice (3) wonderful (4) delicious (5) sweet (6) sufficient (7) fine (in the sense of "I'm fine") (8) (by implication) no thank you (9) well enough (10) OK (11) tolerable (12) reasonably (13) fairly (14) tolerably (15) construction (16) architecture 結婚 けっこん n, adj-no, vs marriage 月曜日 げつようび n-adv, n-t Monday 玄関 げんかん n (1) entranceway (2) entry hall 元気 げんき adj-na, n (1) health(y) (2) robust (3) vigor (4) vigour (5) energy (6) vitality (7) vim (8) stamina (9) spirit (10) courage (11) pep 五 ご<いつ<い num five 公園 こうえん n (public) park 交番 こうばん n, vs, n, adj-f (1) police box (2) alternation (3) alternating (e.g. current) 声 こえ n voice コート n (1) coat (2) court (i.e. tennis, basketball, etc.) 此処<此所<茲 ここ n (1) here (2) this place (3) these last (time period) 午後<午后 ごご n-adv, n-t (1) afternoon (2) p.m. 九日<９日 ここのか n (1) the ninth day of the month (2) nine days 九つ<９つ ここのつ n nine ご主人<御主人 ごしゅじん n (1) your husband (2) her husband 午前 ごぜん n-adv, n-t (1) morning (2) a.m. 答える こたえる v1, vi (1) to answer (2) to reply 此方 こちら<こっち<こち n (1) this way (2) this direction (3) here (4) this one (5) I (6) me (7) this person コップ n (1) glass (i.e. drinking vessel) (2) tumbler (3) cop (police officer) 今年 ことし<こんねん n-adv, n-t this year 言葉<詞<辞 ことば<けとば n (1) language (2) dialect (3) word (4) words (5) phrase (6) term (7) expression (8) remark (9) speech (10) (manner of) speaking 子供<子ども こども n (1) child (2) children 此の<斯の この adj-pn this ご飯<御飯 ごはん<おまんま n (1) cooked rice (2) meal 困る こまる v5r, vi (1) to be worried (2) to be bothered 此れ<是<之<維<惟 これ n (1) this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) (2) this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) (3) now (4) here (5) I (me) (6) certainly 今月 こんげつ n-adv, n-t this month 今週 こんしゅう n-adv, n-t this week こんな adj-pn (1) such (2) like this 今晩 こんばん n-adv, n-t (1) tonight (2) this evening さあ conj, int (1) come (2) come now 魚 さかな<うお n fish 先 せん n, adj-no (1) the future (2) priority (3) precedence (4) former (5) previous (6) old (7) late 咲く さく v5k, vi to bloom 作文 さくぶん n, vs (1) composition (2) writing 差す さす v5s, vi (1) to raise (stretch out) hands (2) to raise umbrella (3) to be tinged (4) to wear (a sword) at one's side (5) to shine (6) to provoke a feeling 雑誌 ざっし n (1) journal (2) magazine (3) periodical 砂糖 さとう n sugar 寒い さむい<さぶい adj-i cold (e.g. weather) 再来年 さらいねん n-adv, n-t year after next 三 さん<み num three 散歩 さんぽ n, vs (1) walk (2) stroll 四 し<よん<よ num four 塩 しお<えん n salt 併し<然し しかし conj (1) however (2) but 時間 じかん n-adv, n, ctr (1) time (2) hours 仕事 しごと n, vs, adj-no (1) work (2) job (3) business (4) occupation (5) employment (6) vocation (7) task (8) work 辞書 じしょ n (1) dictionary (2) lexicon (3) letter of resignation 静か<閑か しずか adj-na (1) quiet (2) peaceful 下 した n, n-pref (1) below (2) down (3) under (4) bottom (5) beneath (6) underneath (7) just after (8) right after (9) inferiority (10) one's inferior (i.e. one's junior) (11) younger (e.g. of siblings) (12) trade-in (13) preliminary (14) preparatory 七 しち<なな<な num seven 質問 しつもん n, vs (1) question (2) inquiry (3) enquiry 自転車 じてんしゃ<じでんしゃ n bicycle 自動車 じどうしゃ n automobile 死ぬ しぬ v5n, vn, vi to die 字引 じびき n dictionary 自分 じぶん n (1) myself (2) yourself (3) oneself (4) himself (5) herself (6) I (7) me 閉まる<締まる<緊まる しまる v5r, vi (1) to be shut (2) to close (3) to be closed (4) to be locked (5) to tighten (6) to be tightened (7) to become sober (8) to become tense 閉める しめる v1, vt (1) to close (2) to shut 締める<〆る<緊める しめる v1, vt (1) to tie (2) to fasten (3) to total (4) to sum (5) to be strict with (6) to economize (economise) (7) to cut down on 蛇 へび<じゃ<くちなわ<へみ n (1) snake (2) serpent (3) large snake じゃあ<じゃ conj, int, aux (1) then (2) well (3) so (4) well then (5) combination of 'de' and 'wa' particles (6) plain copula 写真 しゃしん n photograph シャツ n (1) shirt (2) singlet 十 じゅう<と<とお num (1) 10 (2) ten 授業 じゅぎょう n, vs (1) lesson (2) class work 宿題 しゅくだい n homework 上手 じょうず<じょうて<じょうしゅ adj-na, n, n (1) skill (2) skillful (3) dexterity (4) flattery 丈夫<益荒男 じょうぶ<じょうふ<ますらお adj-na, n, adj-na, n (1) good health (2) robustness (3) strong (4) solid (5) durable (6) hero (7) gentleman (8) warrior (9) manly person 醤油<正油 しょうゆ n shoyu (kind of Japanese soy sauce) 食堂 しょくどう n (1) dining room (2) dining hall (3) cafeteria (4) messroom (5) restaurant (6) eatery (7) snack bar (8) diner 知る<識る しる v5r, vt (1) to know (2) to understand (3) to be acquainted with (4) to feel 白い しろい adj-i white 新聞 しんぶん n newspaper 水曜日 すいようび n-adv, n-t Wednesday 吸う<喫う すう v5u, vt (1) to smoke (2) to breathe in (3) to inhale (4) to suck (5) to sip (6) to slurp (7) to absorb (8) to soak up (9) to kiss スカート<スコート n skirt 好き すき adj-na, n (1) liking (2) fondness (3) love 直ぐに すぐに adv (1) instantly (2) immediately 少し すこし adv, n (1) small quantity (2) little (3) few (4) something (5) little while (6) short distance 涼しい すずしい adj-i (1) cool (2) refreshing ストーブ n heater (from stove) スプーン n spoon スポーツ n (1) sport (2) sports ズボン n trousers 住む すむ v5m, vi (1) to live (of humans) (2) to reside (3) to inhabit (4) to dwell (5) to abide スリッパ n (1) slipper (2) slippers 為る する vs-i, suf, vs-i, aux-v, vs-i (1) to do (2) to cause to become (3) to make (into) (4) to turn (into) (5) to serve as (6) to act as (7) to work as (8) to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) (9) to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (10) to be (in a state, condition, etc.) (11) to be worth (12) to cost (13) to pass (of time) (14) verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs") (15) creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go") (16) to be just about to (17) to be just starting to (18) to try to (19) to attempt to 座る<坐る<据わる<据る すわる v5r, vi (1) to sit (2) to squat (3) to assume (a position) (4) to hold steady (5) to hold still 背 ハイ<せ, せい, そむ.く, そむ.ける S9 stature, height, back, behind, disobey, defy, go back on, rebel 生徒 せいと n pupil セーター<スエーター n (1) sweater (2) jumper 石鹸<石けん せっけん n soap 背広 せびろ<セビロ n business suit 狭い せまい adj-i (1) narrow (2) confined (3) small ゼロ n zero 千 せん<ち num (1) 1,000 (2) thousand 先月 せんげつ n-adv, n-t last month 先週 せんしゅう n-adv, n-t (1) last week (2) the week before 先生 せんせい n, suf (1) teacher (2) master (3) doctor (4) with names of teachers, etc. as an honorific 洗濯 せんたく n, vs (1) washing (2) laundry 全部 ぜんぶ n-adv, n-t (1) all (2) entire (3) whole (4) altogether そう adv, adj-na, suf (1) so (2) really (3) seeming (4) (after masu stem and adj-stem) appearing that (5) seeming that (6) looking like (7) having the appearance of 掃除 そうじ n, vs (1) cleaning (2) sweeping 然うして そうして conj (1) and (2) like that 然して<而して そして<しかして conj (1) and (2) and then (3) thus (4) and now 其処 そこ n (1) there (place relatively near listener) (2) there (place just mentioned) (3) that place (4) then (of some incident just spoken of) (5) that (of point just raised) (6) you 其方 そちら<そっち<そなた<そち n (1) that way (by you) (2) there (3) that one (4) you (5) your family 外 そと n (1) outside (2) exterior (3) open air (4) other place 其の その adj-pn, int (1) that (2) the (3) um... (4) er... (5) uh... 蕎麦 そば<そばむぎ<そまむぎ n (1) buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) (2) soba (Japanese buckwheat noodles) 空 から n, adj-no (1) emptiness (2) vacuum (3) blank 其れ それ n (1) that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind) (2) it (3) that time (4) then (5) there (indicating a place near the listener) (6) you 其れから それから exp (1) and then (2) after that 其れでは<其れじゃ それでは<それじゃ exp (1) well then ... (2) in that situation (3) in which case 大学 だいがく n (1) university (2) the Great Learning - one of the Four Books 大使館 たいしかん n embassy 大丈夫 だいじょうぶ adj-na, adv, n (1) safe (2) all right (3) OK 大好き だいすき adj-na, n (1) loveable (2) very likeable (3) like very much 大切 たいせつ adj-na, n (1) important (2) valuable (3) worthy of care 大抵 たいてい adj-na, adv, n, adj-no, n, adj-na (1) mostly (2) ordinarily (3) usually (4) generally (5) probably (6) most (7) almost all (8) (before a neg. form) ordinary (9) proper (10) appropriate (11) moderate 台所 だいどころ<だいどこ n kitchen 大変 たいへん adv, adj-na, n (1) very (2) greatly (3) immense (4) enormous (5) great (6) serious (7) grave (8) dreadful (9) terrible (10) difficult (11) hard (12) major incident (13) disaster 大変 たいへん adv, adj-na, n (1) very (2) greatly (3) immense (4) enormous (5) great (6) serious (7) grave (8) dreadful (9) terrible (10) difficult (11) hard (12) major incident (13) disaster 高い<高価い たかい adj-i (1) high (2) tall (3) expensive 高い<高価い たかい adj-i (1) high (2) tall (3) expensive 沢山 たくさん adj-na, adv, n (1) many (2) a lot (3) much タクシー n taxi 出す だす v5s, vt, suf (1) to take out (2) to get out (3) to put out (4) to reveal (5) to show (6) to submit (e.g. thesis) (7) to turn in (8) to publish (9) to make public (10) to send (e.g. letter) (11) to produce (a sound) (12) to start (fire) (13) to serve (food) (14) to begin 立つ<発つ たつ v5t, vi, v5t, vi, v5t, vi (1) to stand (2) to rise (3) to stand up (4) to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position) (5) to depart (on a plane, train, etc.) 建物 たてもの n building 楽しい<愉しい<娯しい たのしい adj-i (1) enjoyable (2) fun 頼む<恃む<憑む たのむ v5m (1) to request (2) to beg (3) to ask (4) to call (5) to order (6) to reserve (7) to entrust to (8) to rely on 煙草<莨<烟草 たばこ<タバコ n (1) tobacco (2) cigarettes 他聞 たぶん n informing 食べ物 たべもの n food 食べる たべる v1, vt to eat 卵 ラン<たまご S7 egg, ovum, spawn, roe 誰 だれ<たれ<た n who 誕生日 たんじょうび n birthday 段々<段段 だんだん n, adv-to, adv (1) gradually (2) by degrees 小さい ちいさい adj-i (1) small (2) little (3) tiny 近い ちかい adj-i (1) near (2) close (3) short (distance) 違う ちがう v5u, vi (1) to differ (from) (2) to vary (3) to not be in the usual condition (4) to not match the correct (answer, etc.) (5) to be different from promised 近く ちかく n-adv, n, n-suf, adv (1) near (2) neighbourhood (3) neighborhood (4) vicinity (5) nearly (i.e. "it took nearly one year") (6) close to (7) shortly (8) soon 地下鉄 ちかてつ n (1) underground train (2) subway 地図 ちず n map 父 ちち n father 茶色<ちゃ色<茶いろ ちゃいろ n (1) light brown (2) tawny 茶わん<茶碗 ちゃわん n (1) rice bowl (2) tea cup (3) teacup 丁度<恰度 ちょうど adj-na, adv, n (1) just (2) right (3) exactly 一寸<鳥渡 ちょっと<ちょと<ちょいと adv, int (1) just a minute (2) short time (3) just a little (4) somewhat (5) easily (6) readily (7) rather (8) (before a verb in negative form) (will not) easily (9) hey! 一日<１日 いちにち<いちじつ<ひとひ<ひとえ n (1) first day of the month (2) one day 使う<遣う つかう v5u, vt (1) to use (a thing, method, etc.) (2) to make use of (3) to put to use (4) to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.) (5) to employ (6) to handle (7) to manage (8) to manipulate (9) to use (time, money, etc.) (10) to spend (11) to consume (12) to use (language) (13) to speak (14) to take (one's lunch) (15) to circulate (bad money) 疲れる つかれる v1, vi (1) to get tired (2) to tire (3) to be worn out (e.g. of well used objects) (4) to starve 次 つぎ n, adj-no (1) next (2) following (3) subsequent (4) stage (5) station 着く つく v5k (1) to arrive at (2) to reach (3) to sit on (4) to sit at (e.g. the table) 机 つくえ n desk 作る<造る<創る つくる v5r, vt (1) to make (2) to produce (3) to manufacture (4) to build (5) to construct (6) to prepare (food) (7) to brew (alcohol) (8) to raise (9) to grow (10) to cultivate (11) to train (12) to till (13) to draw up (a document) (14) to make out (15) to prepare (16) to write (17) to create (an artistic work, etc.) (18) to compose (19) to coin (a phrase) (20) to organize (21) to organise (22) to establish (23) to found (24) to have (a child) (25) to make up (one's face, etc.) (26) to fabricate (an excuse, etc.) (27) to form (a line, etc.) (28) to set (a record) (29) to commit (a sin, etc.) 就ける<即ける つける v1, vt (1) to install (a king, emperor, etc.) (2) to appoint (to a post) (3) to assign (to study under) 勤める<務める つとめる v1, vt (1) to work (for) (2) to be employed (at) (3) to serve (in) (4) to serve (as) (5) to act (as) (6) to fill (the position of) (7) to play the role (of) (8) to conduct a religious service 詰らない<詰まらない つまらない adj-i (1) dull (2) uninteresting (3) boring (4) insignificant (5) trifling 冷たい つめたい<つべたい adj-i (1) cold (to the touch) (2) chilly (3) icy (4) freezing (5) coldhearted (6) unfeeling 強い つよい adj-i (1) strong (2) powerful (3) mighty (4) potent (5) resistant (6) resilient (7) durable 手 て n (1) hand (2) arm (3) forepaw (4) foreleg (5) handle (6) hand (7) worker (8) help (9) trouble (10) care (11) effort (12) means (13) way (14) trick (15) move (16) technique (17) workmanship (18) hand (19) handwriting (20) kind (21) type (22) sort (23) one's hands (24) one's possession (25) ability to cope (26) hand (of cards) テープ n tape テープレコーダー n tape recorder テーブル n table 出掛ける<出かける でかける v1, vi (1) to depart (2) to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing) (3) to set out (4) to start (5) to be going out 手紙 てがみ n letter 出切る できる v5r, vt (1) to be out of (2) to have no more at hand 出口 でぐち n (1) exit (2) gateway (3) way out (4) outlet (5) leak (6) vent テスト n, vs test では conj, int (1) then (2) well (3) so (4) well then デパート n department store でも<だって<たって conj, prt, suf (1) but (2) however (3) still (4) yet (5) although (6) even though (7) even (8) even if (9) or something 出る でる v1, vi (1) to appear (2) to come forth (3) to leave (4) to exit (5) to answer (the phone or door) テレビ n (1) television (2) TV 天気 てんき n (1) weather (2) the elements (3) fair weather (4) fine weather 電気 でんき n (1) electricity (2) (electric) light 電車 でんしゃ n (electric) train 電話 でんわ n, vs telephone 戸 こ ctr counter for houses ドア n door (Western-style) トイレ n (1) toilet (2) restroom (3) bathroom (4) lavatory 動 どう n (1) motion (2) change (3) confusion 如何して どうして adv, int (1) why? (2) for what reason (3) how (4) in what way (5) for what purpose (6) what for どうぞ adv (1) please (2) kindly (3) by all means 動物 どうぶつ n animal どうも int, adv, adv, adv, adv, int (1) thanks (2) much (thanks) (3) very (sorry) (4) quite (regret) (5) quite (6) really (7) somehow (8) no matter how hard one may try (9) greetings (10) hello (11) goodbye 十 じゅう<と<とお num (1) 10 (2) ten 遠い とおい adj-i (1) far (2) distant 十日<１０日 とおか n (1) the tenth day of the month (2) ten days 時々<時時 ときどき adv, n (1) sometimes (2) at times 時計<土圭 とけい<ときはかり n (1) watch (2) clock (3) timepiece 何処<何所 どこ<いずこ<いずく<いどこ n (1) where (2) what place 所 ところ<とこ n, suf (1) place (2) spot (3) scene (4) site (5) address (6) district (7) area (8) locality (9) one's house (10) point (11) part (12) space (13) room (14) whereupon (15) as a result (16) (after present form of a verb) about to (17) on the verge of 図書館 としょかん<ずしょかん n library 何方 どちら<どっち<いずかた<いずち<どち<いずし<なにざま n (1) which way (2) which direction (3) where (4) which one (esp. of two alternatives) (5) who 迚も とても<とっても adv (1) very (2) awfully (3) exceedingly (4) (before a negative form) (not) at all (5) by no means (6) simply (cannot) 何方 どなた n who? 隣 リン<とな.る, となり, ちか S16 neighboring 殿 どの suf (1) form of address used for official letters and business letters, and in letters to inferiors (2) Mr 跳ぶ<飛ぶ<翔ぶ とぶ v5b, vi (1) to jump (2) to leap (3) to spring (4) to bound (5) to hop (6) to fly (7) to soar 止まる<留まる<停まる<止る<留る とまる<とどまる v5r, vi, v5r, v5r (1) to stop (2) to halt (3) to remain (4) to abide (5) to stay (in the one place) (6) to come to a halt (7) to be limited to 友達<友だち ともだち n (1) friend (2) companion 土曜日 どようび n-adv, n-t Saturday 鳥 チョウ<とり, か, と, とっ S11 bird, chicken 鳥肉 とりにく<ちょうにく n chicken meat 取る とる v5r, vt (1) to take (2) to pick up (3) to harvest (4) to earn (5) to choose (6) to steal (7) to eat (8) to have (a meal) (9) to remove (one's glasses, etc.) 撮る とる v5r, vt (1) to take (a photo) (2) to make (a film) 何れ どれ n, int (1) which (of three or more) (2) whichever (3) any (4) well (5) now (6) let me see どんな adj-pn (1) what (2) what kind of ナイフ n knife 中 なか n (1) inside (2) in (3) among (4) within (5) center (centre) (6) middle (7) during (8) while 長い<永い ながい adj-i (1) long (distance) (2) long (time) (3) lengthy 鳴く<啼く なく v5k (1) to sing (bird) (2) to bark (3) to purr (4) to make sound (animal) 夏 なつ n-adv, n-t summer 夏休み なつやすみ n (1) summer vacation (2) summer holiday 七つ<７つ ななつ n seven 何 なに<なん int, n, pref, n (1) what (2) how many (some counter) (3) euph. for genitals or sex 何 なに<なん int, n, pref, n (1) what (2) how many (some counter) (3) euph. for genitals or sex 七日<７日 なのか<なぬか n-adv (1) the seventh day of the month (2) seven days 名前 なまえ n (1) name (2) full name (3) given name (4) first name 習う ならう v5u, vt to learn 並ぶ<双ぶ<列ぶ ならぶ v5b, vi (1) to line up (2) to stand in a line (3) to rival (4) to match (5) to equal 並べる<双べる ならべる v1, vt (1) to line up (2) to set up (3) to enumerate (4) to itemize 成る<為る なる v5r, vi (1) to become (2) to get (3) to grow (4) to be (5) to reach (6) to attain (7) to result in (8) to prove to be (9) to consist of (10) to be composed of (11) to succeed (12) to be complete (13) to change into (14) to be exchanged for (15) to play a role (16) to be promoted (shogi) 二 に<ふた<ふ<ふう num two 賑やか にぎやか adj-na (1) bustling (2) busy 肉 ニク<しし S6 meat 西 にし n west 日曜日 にちようび n-adv, n-t Sunday 荷物 にもつ n (1) luggage (2) baggage (3) burden (4) payload (of a packet, cell, etc.) ニュース<ニューズ n news 庭 にわ n garden 脱ぐ ぬぐ v5g, vt (1) to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.) (2) to undress ネクタイ n (1) tie (2) necktie 寝る<寐る ねる v1, vi (1) to lie down (2) to go to bed (3) to lie in bed (4) to sleep (lying down) (5) to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse) (6) to lie idle ノート n, vs, n, vs, n (1) notebook (2) copy-book (3) exercise book (4) note (5) notebook PC 上る<登る<昇る のぼる v5r, vi (1) to ascend (2) to go up (3) to climb (4) to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun) (5) to rise (6) to go to (the capital) (7) to be promoted (8) to add up to (9) to advance (in price) (10) to swim up (a river) (11) to sail up (12) to come up (on the agenda) 飲み物<飲物 のみもの n (1) drink (2) beverage 飲む<呑む<飮む のむ v5m, vt (1) to drink (2) to gulp (3) to swallow (4) to smoke (tobacco) (5) to engulf (6) to overwhelm (7) to keep down (8) to suppress (9) to accept (e.g. demand, condition) (10) to make light of (11) to conceal 乗る<載る のる v5r, vi, v5r, v5r, v5r (1) to get on (2) to ride in (3) to board (4) to mount (5) to get up on (6) to spread (paints) (7) to be taken in (8) to share in (9) to join (10) to feel like doing (11) to be mentioned in (12) to be in harmony with (13) to appear (in print) (14) to be recorded (15) to be found in (a dictionary) 歯 は n tooth パーティ<パーティー n party はい int (1) yes (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance) (3) okay (4) giddy-up (5) giddap 灰皿 はいざら n ashtray 入る いる v5r, vi (1) to get in (2) to go in (3) to come in (4) to flow into (5) to set (6) to set in 葉書<端書<端書き はがき n (1) postcard (2) memo (3) note (4) card 掃く はく v5k, vt (1) to sweep (2) to brush (3) to gather up 箱 ソウ<はこ S15 box, chest, case, bin, railway car 橋 はし n bridge 橋 はし n bridge 始まる はじまる v5r, vi to begin 始めに<初めに はじめに exp (1) to begin with (2) first of all (3) in the beginning 初めて<始めて<甫めて はじめて adv, n (1) for the first time (2) only after ... is it ... (3) only when ... do you ... 走る<奔る<趨る はしる v5r, vi (1) to run (2) to travel (movement of vehicles) (3) to hurry to (4) to retreat (from battle) (5) to take flight (6) to run away from home (7) to elope (8) to tend heavily toward バス n (1) bus (2) bath (3) bass バター n butter 二十歳<２０歳<二十<廿 はたち n (1) 20 years old (2) twenty 働く はたらく v5k, vi (1) to work (2) to labor (3) to labour (4) to function (5) to operate (6) to be effective (7) to work (i.e. ... works) (8) to come into play (9) to commit (e.g. a crime) (10) to perpetrate (11) to do (12) to act (13) to practise (14) to practice (15) to be conjugated 八 はち<や num eight 二十日<２０日<廿日 はつか n (1) twentieth (day of the month) (2) twenty days 花 カ, ケ<はな, わ S7 flower 鼻 はな n nose 話 わ ctr counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc. 話す はなす v5s, vt to speak 母 はは n mother 早い<速い<疾い<捷い はやい adj-i (1) fast (2) quick (3) hasty (4) brisk (5) early (in the day, etc.) (6) premature (7) (too) soon (8) not yet (9) (too) early (10) easy (11) simple (12) quick 早い<速い<疾い<捷い はやい adj-i (1) fast (2) quick (3) hasty (4) brisk (5) early (in the day, etc.) (6) premature (7) (too) soon (8) not yet (9) (too) early (10) easy (11) simple (12) quick 春 はる n-adv, n-t (1) spring (2) springtime (3) new year (4) prime (of one's life, etc.) (5) adolescence (6) puberty (7) sexuality 春 はる n-adv, n-t (1) spring (2) springtime (3) new year (4) prime (of one's life, etc.) (5) adolescence (6) puberty (7) sexuality 晴れる<霽れる はれる v1, vi (1) to clear up (2) to clear away (3) to be sunny (4) to stop raining (5) to refresh (e.g. spirits) (6) to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion) (7) to be dispelled (8) to be banished 半 はん n, n-adv, n-suf, n-pref half 晩 ばん n-adv, n-t, ctr (1) evening (2) counter for nights パン n, n, vs (1) bread (2) pastries (e.g. croissants) (3) pastry-based products (4) pan (5) frying pan (6) panning (in a film) ハンカチ<ハンケチ n handkerchief 番号 ばんごう n (1) number (2) series of digits 晩御飯<晩ご飯 ばんごはん n (1) dinner (2) evening meal 半分 はんぶん n-adv, n half 東 ひがし<ひむかし<ひんがし n east 引く<曳く<牽く ひく v5k, vi, vt, v5k, vt (1) to pull (2) to draw (attention, etc.) (3) to attract (interest, etc.) (4) to draw back (5) to draw (a card) (6) to draw (plan, line, etc.) (7) to catch (cold) (8) to play (string instr.) (9) to look up (e.g. dictionary) (10) to consult (11) to haul (12) to pull (vehicles) (13) to subtract (14) to ebb (15) to fade (16) to descend (from) (17) to inherit (a characteristic) (18) to quote (19) to raise (as evidence) (20) to lay (a cable) (21) to draw (a cable) 弾く はじく v5k, vt (1) to flip (2) to snap (3) to repel 低い ひくい adj-i (1) low (height, tone, rank, degree, cost, etc.) (2) short 飛行機 ひこうき n (1) aeroplane (2) airplane (3) aircraft 左 ひだり n (1) left (2) left hand side 人 じん n (1) -ian (e.g. Italian, etc.) (attaches to name of country to denote nationality) (2) -er (e.g. performer, etc.) (attaches to name of occupation) (3) (usu. in compound words) man (4) person (5) people 一つ<１つ<一 ひとつ n, n-adv (1) one (2) for one thing (often used in itemized lists) (3) (after a noun) only (4) (with a verb in negative form) (not) even (5) just (i.e. "just try it") 一月<１月 いちがつ n-adv January 一人<独り<１人 ひとり<いちにん n (1) one person (2) alone (3) unmarried (4) solitary 暇 カ<ひま, いとま S13 spare time, rest, leisure, time, leave of absence 百 ひゃく<もも num (1) 100 (2) hundred 病院 びょういん n hospital 病気 びょうき n, adj-no (1) illness (2) disease (3) sickness 平仮名 ひらがな n (1) hiragana (2) one of the Japanese syllabaries 昼 チュウ<ひる S9 daytime, noon 昼ご飯<昼御飯 ひるごはん n (1) lunch (2) midday meal 広い<弘い ひろい adj-i (1) spacious (2) vast (3) wide フィルム<フイルム n film 封筒 ふうとう n envelope プール n, n, vs, n, vs (1) (swimming) pool (2) pool (billiards) (3) pool (together) フォーク<ホーク n (1) fork (2) folk (3) folk song (4) hawk 吹く<噴く ふく v5k (1) to blow (wind, etc.) (2) to emit (3) to spout 服 ふく n, n-suf, suf, ctr (1) clothes (esp. Western clothes) (2) counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc. 二つ<２つ ふたつ n two 豚肉 ぶたにく<とんにく n pork 二人 ふたり<ににん n (1) two persons (2) two people (3) pair (4) couple 二日<２日 ふつか n (1) second day of the month (2) two days 太い ふとい adj-i (1) fat (2) thick (3) deep (of a voice) (4) daring (5) shameless (6) brazen 冬 ふゆ n-adv, n-t winter 降る ふる v5r, vi (1) to precipitate (2) to fall (e.g. rain) 古い<故い<旧い ふるい adj-i (1) old (not person) (2) aged (3) ancient (4) antiquated (5) stale (6) threadbare (7) outmoded (8) obsolete article 風呂 ふろ n (1) bath (2) bathtub (3) bathroom (4) bathhouse (5) room for drying lacquerware (6) base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle) パージ n, vs purge 下手 したて<したで n (1) humble position (2) inferior (3) underarm grip on opponent's belt (sumo) ベッド n bed 部屋 へや n (1) room (2) sumo stable 辺 へん n (1) area (2) vicinity (3) side (of triangle, rectangle, etc.) (4) circumstances ペン n pen 勉強 べんきょう n, vs (1) study (2) diligence (3) discount (4) reduction 便利 べんり adj-na (1) convenient (2) handy (3) useful 俸 ほう n salary 帽子 ぼうし n (1) hat (2) cap ボールペン n ball-point pen 外 そと n (1) outside (2) exterior (3) open air (4) other place ポケット n pocket 欲しい ほしい adj-i, aux-adj (1) wanted (2) wished for (3) in need of (4) desired (5) (after the -te form of a verb) I want (you) to 細い ほそい adj-i (1) thin (2) slender (3) fine 釦<鈕 ボタン<ぼたん n button ホテル n hotel 本 ほん n, pref, ctr (1) book (2) volume (3) main (4) head (5) this (6) our (7) present (8) real (9) counter for long cylindrical things 本棚 ほんだな n bookshelves 本当に ほんとうに<ほんとに adv (1) really (2) truly 毎朝 まいあさ<まいちょう n-adv, n-t every morning 毎月 まいげつ<まいつき n-adv, n (1) every month (2) each month (3) monthly 毎月 まいげつ<まいつき n-adv, n (1) every month (2) each month (3) monthly 毎週 まいしゅう n-adv, n-t every week 毎日 まいにち n-adv, n-t every day 毎年 まいとし<まいねん n-t (1) every year (2) yearly (3) annually 毎年 まいとし<まいねん n-t (1) every year (2) yearly (3) annually 毎晩 まいばん n-adv, n-t every night 前 ぜん n, n-adv, n-suf, pref (1) before (2) ago (3) former (4) previous (5) one-time (6) the above 曲がる<曲る まがる v5r, vi (1) to bend (2) to curve (3) to warp (4) to wind (5) to twist (6) to turn (7) to be awry (8) to be askew (9) to be crooked 不味い まずい adj-i (1) unappetising (2) unappetizing (3) unpleasant (taste, appearance, situation) (4) unskillful (5) unskilful (6) bungling (7) clumsy (8) ugly (9) homely (10) plain (11) unattractive (12) awkward (13) untimely (14) inopportune (15) unfavorable (16) unwise 股<胯<叉<俣 また n (1) crotch (2) crutch (3) groin (4) thigh (5) fork (in a tree, road, river, etc.) (6) tines (of a fork) 未だ まだ<いまだ adj-na, adv (1) as yet (2) hitherto (3) not yet (with negative verb) 町 チョウ<まち S7 town, village, block, street 待つ<俟つ まつ v5t, vt (1) to wait (2) to await (3) to look forward to (4) to anticipate (5) (usu. in negative form) to depend on (6) to need 真っ直ぐ<真っ直<真っすぐ<真直ぐ<真すぐ まっすぐ adj-na, adv, n (1) straight (ahead) (2) direct (3) upright (4) erect (5) straightforward (6) honest (7) frank マッチ n, vs match (i.e. a contest) 窓 ソウ, ス<まど, てんまど, けむだし S11 window, pane 丸い<円い まるい<まろい adj-i (1) round (2) circular (3) spherical (4) harmonious (5) calm 丸い<円い まるい<まろい adj-i (1) round (2) circular (3) spherical (4) harmonious (5) calm 万 ばん adv, pref (1) many (2) all 万年筆 まんねんひつ n fountain pen 磨く<研く みがく v5k, vt (1) to polish (2) to shine (3) to brush (e.g. teeth) (4) to refine (5) to improve 右 みぎ n (1) right (2) right hand side (3) afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing) (4) foregoing (5) forgoing (6) above 短い<短かい みじかい adj-i short 水 みず n water (cold, fresh) 店 てん n-suf (1) -store (2) -shop 見せる みせる v1, vt (1) to show (2) to display 道 どう n (1) road (2) way (3) Buddhist teachings (4) Taoism (5) modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido) (6) historical administrative region of Japan (Tokaido, Tosando, etc.) (7) province (Tang-era administrative region of China) (8) province (modern administrative region of Korea) 三日<３日 みっか n (1) the third day of the month (2) three days 三つ<３つ みっつ n three 皆さん みなさん<みんなさん n (1) all (2) everyone (3) everybody 南 みなみ n south 耳 みみ n (1) ear (2) hearing (3) edge (4) crust (5) selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics) (6) selvage 見る<観る<視る みる v1, vt (1) to see (2) to look (3) to watch (4) to view (5) to observe (6) to look over (7) to look on (8) to assess (9) to examine (10) to judge (11) to look after (12) to keep an eye on (13) to take care of (14) to view (e.g. flowers, movie) (15) (usu. after the -te form of a verb) to try 皆 みな<みんな adv, n (1) all (2) everyone (3) everybody (4) everything 六日<６日 むいか n (1) sixth day of the month (2) six days 向こう むこう n (1) opposite side (2) other side (3) opposite direction (4) over there (5) that way (6) far away (7) beyond (8) the other party (9) the other person (10) future (starting now) 難しい むずかしい<むつかしい adj-i difficult 六つ<６つ むっつ<むつ num six 目 もく n, ctr (1) (biological) order (2) item (of a budget revision, etc.) (3) counter for go pieces (4) counter for surrounded positions (in go) 米<米突 メートル n (1) metre (2) meter (3) meter (i.e. a gauge) (4) gauge 眼鏡 がんきょう<めがね n (1) spectacles (2) glasses もう adv, int, int, adv (1) already (2) anymore (3) soon (4) shortly (5) more (6) further (7) other (8) again (9) interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation) もう adv, int, int, adv (1) already (2) anymore (3) soon (4) shortly (5) more (6) further (7) other (8) again (9) interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation) 木曜日 もくようび n-adv, n-t Thursday もしもし conj, int (1) hello (e.g. on phone) (2) excuse me! (when calling out to someone) 勿論 もちろん adv (1) of course (2) certainly (3) naturally 持つ もつ v5t (1) to hold (2) to carry (3) to possess もっと adv (1) (some) more (2) even more (3) longer (4) further 物 もの<もん n (1) thing (2) object (3) the natural thing (4) a frequently done thing (5) used to express emotional involvement (6) used in giving a reason 門 かど<もん n, n-suf, ctr (1) gate (2) branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master (3) (biological) division (4) counter for cannons 問題 もんだい n (1) problem (2) question 八百屋 やおや n greengrocer 野菜 やさい n vegetable 易しい やさしい adj-i (1) easy (2) plain (3) simple 安い<廉い やすい adj-i (1) cheap (2) inexpensive (3) calm (4) peaceful (5) quiet 休み やすみ n (1) rest (2) recess (3) respite (4) vacation (5) holiday (6) absence (7) suspension (8) dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting) 休む やすむ v5m, vi (1) to be absent (2) to take a day off (3) to rest (4) to have a break (5) to go to bed (6) to (lie down to) sleep (7) to turn in (8) to retire (9) to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time (10) to suspend business 八つ<８つ やっつ<やつ num eight 山 やま n (1) mountain (2) pile (3) heap (4) climax (5) critical point (6) speculated area covered by an examination 遣る やる v5r, vt, aux-v (1) to do (2) to have sexual intercourse (3) to kill (4) to give (to inferiors, animals, etc.) (5) to do for (inferiors) (6) to send (e.g. somebody somewhere) (7) to dispatch (e.g. letter) (despatch) (8) to move (something to) (9) to row (a boat) (10) (used in place of other verb) to have (eat, drink, smoke) (11) to study (12) to run or operate (a restaurant) 夕方 ゆうがた n-adv, n-t evening 郵便局 ゆうびんきょく n post office 夕べ<夕<昨夜 ゆうべ<ゆう<さくや n-adv, n-t (1) evening (2) last night 有名 ゆうめい adj-na, n (1) famous (2) fame 雪 ゆき n snow ゆっくり adv, n, vs, adv-to (1) slowly (2) at ease (3) restful 八日<８日 ようか n (1) the eighth day of the month (2) eight days 洋服 ようふく n Western-style clothes 欲<慾 よく n (1) greed (2) craving (3) desire (4) avarice (5) wants 欲<慾 よく n (1) greed (2) craving (3) desire (4) avarice (5) wants 横 よこ n (1) horizontal (as opposed to vertical) (2) lying down (3) side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back) (4) width (5) breadth (6) side (of a box, etc.) (7) beside (8) aside (9) next to (10) unconnected 四日<４日 よっか n (1) fourth day of month (2) four days 四つ<４つ よっつ n four 呼ぶ<喚ぶ よぶ v5b, vt (1) to call out (to) (2) to call (3) to invoke (4) to summon (a doctor, etc.) (5) to invite (6) to designate (7) to name (8) to brand (9) to garner (support, etc.) (10) to gather (11) to take as one's wife 読む よむ v5m, vt to read 夜 よる<よ n-adv, n-t (1) evening (2) night 来月 らいげつ n-adv, n-t next month 来週 らいしゅう n-adv, n-t next week 来年 らいねん n-adv, n-t next year ラジオ n radio 立派 りっぱ adj-na, n (1) splendid (2) fine (3) handsome (4) elegant (5) imposing (6) prominent (7) legal (8) legitimate 留学生 りゅうがくせい n (1) overseas student (2) exchange student 両親<二親 りょうしん<ふたおや n (1) parents (2) both parents 料理 りょうり n, vs (1) cooking (2) cookery (3) cuisine (4) dealing with something (5) handling (6) administration (7) management 旅行 りょこう n, vs (1) travel (2) trip 零 れい n (1) zero (2) nought 冷蔵庫 れいぞうこ n refrigerator レコード n (1) record (e.g. LP) (2) record (e.g. athletics) レストラン n restaurant (esp. Western-style) 練習 れんしゅう n, vs (1) practice (2) practise 六 ろく<む<むう num six Ｙシャツ ワイシャツ n (1) shirt (2) business shirt (3) dress shirt 若い わかい adj-i young 分かる<解る<判る<分る わかる v5r, vi (1) to be understood (2) to be comprehended (3) to be grasped (4) to become clear (5) to be known (6) to be discovered (7) to be realized (8) to be realised (9) to be found out 忘れる わすれる v1, vt (1) to forget (2) to leave carelessly (3) to be forgetful of (4) to forget about (5) to forget (an article) 私 わたし<わたくし n, adj-no (1) I (2) me (3) private affairs (4) personal matter (5) secrecy (6) selfishness 渡し わたし n, suf (1) ferry (crossing) (2) ferry(boat) (3) delivery 渡す わたす v5s, vt (1) to ferry across (a river, etc.) (2) to carry across (3) to lay across (4) to build across (5) to hand over (6) to hand in (7) to pass (8) to give (9) to transfer 渡る<亘る<渉る<亙る わたる v5r, vi (1) to cross over (2) to go across (3) to extend (4) to cover (5) to range (6) to span 悪い わるい adj-i (1) bad (2) poor (3) inferior (4) evil (5) sinful (6) unprofitable (7) unbeneficial (8) at fault (9) to blame (10) in the wrong (11) sorry